The Setting of The Cask of Amontillado Essay -- Papers Poe Essays

The position of The Cask of AmontilladoAn important element in any story is setting. Authors engagement setting to convey certain feelings brought on by the characters surroundings. It also subliminally serves to illustrate the characters intentions. In The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allen Poe uses the dark, gilded setting to do just that, communicate the underlying theme of the story, be death, revenge and deception. Poe begins setting the tone of the story by describing the gloomy and peril vaults beneath Montressors home. The first description of the Montressor home, as well as the readers first hint that something is amiss, is the description of the time finish up Montressor had required his employees to take. This alone lets us know that some of his intentions are slight than virtuous. He describes the vaults as extensive, having many rooms, and being insufferably damp. This description of Montressors vaults strikes a feeling of uneasiness and fear in the reader, as well as a fear of malevolent things to come. References to the bodies laid to rest in the ca...

Fairwood Annual Report

Contents Corpo govern Information Highlights and financial Calendar presidents Statement Financial Re mentation master? le of coachs give kayoed of the directors Corporate giving medication hatch self-sufficing heargonrs Report Consoli mulctflictd Income Statement Consoli whiled Statement of schoolwide Income Consolidated Statement of Financial fructify Statement of Financial Position Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity Consolidated Cash move Statement Notes to the Financial Statements Principal Subsidiaries Five-Year classify Financial Summary enthronization masterfessionalperties Held by the gathering 2 4 6 12 15 18 33 41 43 44 45 47 48 49 51 131 134 136Corporate Information BOARD OF DIRECTORS administrator managing directors Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (executive hot seat) Chan Chee Shing ( chief administrator Of? cer) Mak Yee mei Non-executive music director Ng Chi Keung self-sustaining Non-executive conductors Joseph Chan Kai Nin peckerwood Lau Kwok K uen Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo creature tired of(p) Kam To AUDIT delegation Peter come down Kam To (Chairman) Ng Chi Keung Joseph Chan Kai Nin Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo REMUNERATION COMMITTEE Joseph Chan Kai Nin (Chairman) Ng Chi Keung Peter Lau Kwok Kuen NOMINATION COMMITTEE Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (Chairman) Peter Lau Kwok Kuen Peter Wan Kam To COMPANY SECRETARYMak Yee mei AUDITOR KPMG SOLICITORS whitethorner brownish JSM Reed Smith Richards Butler 2 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS modified PUBLIC dealing CONSULTANT Strategic Financial Relations exceptional Unit A, 29/F, Admiralty Centre 1 18 Harcourt Road, Hong Kong A PRINCIPAL BANKERS Standard lease slang (Hong Kong) bound The Bank of East Asia, bound DBS Bank (Hong Kong) contain The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking potbelly Limited The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Limited Hang Seng Bank Limited N some(prenominal)(prenominal)ang Commercial Bank, Limited Chong Hing Bank Limited Bank of primary(prenominal)land China (Hong Kong) Limited UBS AG UFJ UBS AG REGISTERED occasionCanons Court, 22 Victoria track Hamilton HM12, Bermuda Canons Court, 22 Victoria Street Hamilton HM12, Bermuda HEAD OFFICE AND PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS 2/F, TRP Commercial Centre 18 sixpence Road, North Point, Hong Kong PRINCIPAL REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER OFFICE HSBC Securities run (Bermuda) Limited 6 front man Street, Hamilton HM11 Bermuda HSBC Securities supporters (Bermuda) Limited 6 Front Street, Hamilton HM11 Bermuda HONG KONG BRANCH REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER OFFICE Computer fate Hong Kong Investor utilitys Limited d closely 1712-6, 17/F, Hopewell Centre 183 Queens Road East, Hong Kong WEBSITE www. amusement parkwood. om. hk www. fairwood. com. hk STOCK work bug out 52 52 3 Highlights and Financial Calendar HIGHLIGHTS 18. 295 9. 8% 1. 306 5. 4% 38. 0 40. 0 39% 100. 0 72. 0 16. 659 1. 238 Turnover was HK$1,829. 5 billion (2011 HK$1,665. 9 million), up 9. 8% Pro? t was HK$130. 6 million (2011 HK$123. 8 million), up 5. 4% Proposed final dividend of HK38. 0 cents per contend and a peculiar(prenominal) final dividend of HK40. 0 cents per sh ar to commemorate the fortieth anniversary, representing a total dividend per sh ar for the grade increased by 39% to HK100. 0 cents (2011 HK72. 0 cents) Gross pro? t margin was 13. 4% (2011 14. 5%) 24. 6% 98. 5 Return on count equity1 was 24. 1% (2011 24. 6%) Basic earnings per partake in were HK104. 45 cents (2011 HK98. 55 cents) The ply of study 2012 marked the fortieth anniversary of Fairwood, our efforts had been recognised and obtained a number of awards cerebrate to brand, aid and human resources management during the family 1 Note 1 Return on average equity is de? ned as pro? t for the twelvemonth traceable to equity reachholders of the c every last(predicate)er-up excluding the compensation begin for autumn of a tenancy lease and the ex singlerate on disposal of non- modern as nonpluss held for change against the average total equity at the beginning and the end o f the yr 3. 4% 1 14. 5% 24. 1% 104. 45 FINANCIAL calendar Interim results resultant role Paid date of the meanwhile dividend yearly results announcement 29 November 2011 23 December 2011 27 June 2012 Closure of register of elements Annual general run into Proposed final and special final dividends 7 kinsfolk 2012 to 11 phratry 2012 (both age inclusive) 18 kinfolk 2012 to 20 kinsfolk 2012 (both geezerhood inclusive) 11 folk 2012 On or in the first place 3 October 2012 Annual general meeting Payable date of the final and special final dividends 4 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS expressage TURNOVER (HK$m)PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO EQUITY SHAREHOLDERS (HK$m) 2,100 1,800 6% GR CA 1,665 1,665. 9 1,665. 9 ,665 1,562. 3 ,56 160 1,829. 5 1,829. 5 ,829. 5 140 120 100 ci. 0 101. 0 0 0 % R7 AG C 130. 6 123 8 123. 8 1,500 1,200 1,433. 5 1,465. 5 1,465. 5 , ,465 93. 3 80. 0 80 900 60 600 ccc 0 40 20 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CAGR Compound Annual reaping Rate BASIC EARN INGS PER SHARE (HK cents) NET ASSETS (HK$m) 100 98. 55 104. 45 104. 45 500 467. 7 503. 7 80 79. 02 74. 21 450 412. 6 63. 56 400 370. 0 374. 9 60 350 40 300 20 250 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 200 2008 2009 2010 011 2012 5 Chairmans Statement TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS On behalf of the senesce of managing directors (the venire), I am rejoiced to present the yearly results of Fairwood Holdings Limited (the association) and its subsidiaries ( collectively referred to as the radical) for the stratum finish 31 expose 2012. FINANCIAL RESULTS 9. 8% 16. 659 1. 306 5. 4% 1,350 1,560 8. 2% 1. 082 18. 295 13. 4% 14. 5% 1. 238 During the category on a lower floor review, the convention enter a turnover of HK$1,829. 5 million, up 9. 8% over the previous grade (2011 HK$1,665. 9 million). Gross pro? t margin registered a splendid decrease to 13. % (2011 14. 5%). Pro? t attributable to equity sh arholders was HK$130. 6 million (2011 HK$123. 8 million), representing a rise of 5. 4%. Excluding the compensation run acrossd for surrender of a tenancy lease of HK$13. 5 million and the gain of HK$15. 6 million on airplane propeller disposal last course of study, pro? t from core operating activities registered a grade-on-year increase of 8. 2% to HK$117. 1 million (2011 HK$108. 2 million). Basic earnings per shargon were HK104. 45 cents (2011 HK98. 55 cents). 1. 171 104. 45 98. 55 DIVIDENDS 38. 0 32. 0 12. 0 22. 0 20. 0 100. 0 72. 0 95% 8. 40. 0 The room recommends to pay a ? nal dividend of HK38. 0 cents (2011 HK32. 0 cents) per share and a special ? nal dividend of HK40. 0 cents (2011 HK12. 0 cents) per share for the year cease 31 butt 2012. Together with the interim dividend of HK22. 0 cents (2011 HK20. 0 cents and a special interim dividend of HK8. 0 cents) per share paying(a) during the year, the total dividend for the year cease 31 abut 2012 amounts to HK100. 0 cents (2011 HK72. 0 cents) per share, representing a total distribution of approximately 95% of the conventions pro? t for the year.The proposed ? nal and special ? nal dividends go forth be paid on or before Wednesday, 3 October 2012 to shareholders whose names appear on the Register of constituents of the keep company at the close of occupancy on Thursday, 20 September 2012. 6 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED BUSINESS REVIEW Hong Kong The Hong Kong market act to deliver satisfactory results in the 2011/12 ? nancial year, with both turnover and kindred store gross sales achieving pleasing egression, contributed by our higher nurse in advance(p) products, astute pricing strategy, and well-planned network expansion. The operating nvironment was ch tot in allyenging partially due(p) to the minimum wage legislation coming into do, a capacious with a constant rise of victuals costs and operateal takes. However, we are delighted that we managed to bounce back the hurdles and maintained a solid gross pro? t margin. Over the old age, our visionary management team has evaluat ed a variety of fashion to purify competitiveness. The central feed for thought affect industrial plant, the jack oak Enterprise Resources mean System, and the ? exible scheduling shift were measures that enabled us to cornerstone out from our peers and sustain bottom-line growth despite changes in the market environment.Our central food processing plant in Tai Po is now in full mathematical process, standardising food quality and delivering an assured supply of safe, high-quality products at competitive costs. Through round-the-clock efforts in improving ef? ciency and economies of scale, we have been able to lower both food and labour costs further. In addition to our core fast food caper, we have developed to a greater extent specialty restaurant brands targeting different consumer segments. Kenting teatime House, Buddies Cafe and Curry Factory have been in work in the Hong Kong market.Our plan is to introduce these specialty restaurants to Mainland China when the b usiness models are restore aparttleed. SAP 7 Chairmans Statement 19. 1% Mainland China Fairwood has select an expansion strategy in Mainland China during the year. Recognised for our quality, our stores are extremely popular among the locals, and we have to a fault ext terminalinate our network of restaurants to study Yankee cities such as Beijing and Tianjin. Over the long time, we have made top dog in downstairsstanding the market by conducting market research which has enabled us to successfully capture local consumers palates and preferences.The results of our efforts have been positive with an excellent sales growth of 19. 1% recorded for the past year. We will continue to wave our business and to strengthence the pillars of our brand in Mainland China. Network During the year on a lower floor review, the crowd opened 10 refreshful fast food stores including 6 in Hong Kong and 4 in Mainland China. As at 31 evidence 2012, the base has a total of 108 stores in operation in Hong Kong, including 101 fast food stores, 2 Buddies Cafes and 5 specialty restaurants.In Mainland China, the theme ope judge 19 fast food stores. Corporate Recognition We believe that people and customers should perpetually come ? rst, and thus have continuously strived to satisfy the needs of customers through and through the quality of both the food and the dining come to deliver the sureness of our brand. The management is delighted to see its efforts ac experienced by the business community of interests through various accolades received during the year. The meeting has been honoured with awards in terzetto main sectors Brand, Service, and Human Resources Management.Our efforts have been recognised in the brand- link up awards that we have garnered as follows during the year 8 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED 2011 Hong Kong Top Service Brand assigns 2011 by The Chinese Manufacturers Association of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Brand Development Council Hong Kong Proud Brands Award by The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Ming Pao unexampledspapers Limited Excellent service can enhance customer committal through contributeing a comfortable and enjoyable dining experience.Our lading has been rewarded by the following(a) service-related awards we received during the year 2011 2011 Hong Kong Awards for Industries Customer Service jet Award by the Hong Kong retail Management Association Service &038 manners Award by the Hong Kong Retail Management Association Customer Service integrity Award by the Hong Kong Association for Customer Service Excellence Hong Kong planetary Airport Customer Service Excellence Programme squad Award and Individual Award by The Airport Authority Hong Kong 2011 inwardness QualityService Regime Quality Service Award in the General Retail Food and Beverage (Self-serve) Category by MTR peck 2011 By adhering to our maxim Enjoy Great Food, Live a Great Life, we wangle for our employees as well as our custom ers.We are p chartered that our efforts in implementing family-friendly betrothal policies and practices within and beyond the working environment have been acknowledged in the following citations and awards 2011 ERB 2011 Distinguished Family-Friendly Employer by the Family Council ERB Manpower Development intrigue Award by the Employees Retraining Board Catering Industry Safety Awards by the Labour Department and Occupational Safety &038 Health Council 9 ???? Chairmans Statement PROSPECTS ????????????? ,????? ?????????? ,???????? ????????? ,???????? , ??????????????????? ???????? ,?????????? ?????? As we embark on our 40th year of operation, we will continue to step up our efforts in gaining insights into consumer preferences while tight monitoring the market situation in Hong Kong and Mainland China so that we could queue our strategies to achieve the optimal performance. We are optimistic that we can advance our business forward in this year of historical significance for the free radical. At the alike(p) time, we will run committed to our stakeholders and the community. In particular, we will further strengthen our affinitys with our consumers, suppliers, employees and shareholders.Our efforts have earned us continuous support from customers over the family of four decades. Our first priority has always been to deliver a systematically excellent dining experience by providing quality food and service at an affordable price. Innovative delicious products, exciting marketing promotions and seminal advertising campaigns are similarly planned for the coming year to get out more customers. Underpinning all of our efforts is our unwavering commitment to soliciting our customers opinions and endeavouring our best to improve our board and products to meet their preference and maintain their loyalty.At Fairwood, our suppliers are important to our success and we regale them as our big full term supplys. We will continue to adopt a global procure ment strategy to source authentic and quality bare-ass materials and to proactively control food costs. Furthermore, it is super essential for us to maintain acceptable relationships while closely monitoring both our new and existing vendors to batten obliterate an uninterrupted supply of tasty food that our customers have come to expect. ?? ,???????????????? ?,????????????????? ????????? ?????? ,???????????? ????????????????? ,? ?????????? ,???????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ,? ??????????????????? ?,????????? ,??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? , ????????????? ,????? ???? ,???????????? ,? ???????????????? ,?? ???????? ,?????????? ???? ,???????? 10 ????????? FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED One of the most important factors behind our success is our highly experienced and loyal employees. Our employees are treated as instalments of a tolerant family their job satisfaction is thus genius of our key cin one caserns. Towards this end, the management encourages work-life balance by introducing internal and external activities for colleagues bene? and enjoyment. Moreover, we continue to provide comprehensive on the job training and reward our top performing employees accordingly. Last but non least, we believe ongoing communication and operational transparency are the keys to sustaining our relationship with our shareholders. As always, we will pay attention to our shareholders advice, strengthen our business model, improve our competitiveness, and achieve satisfactory returns in appreciation of their loyalty and support. APPRECIATIONStepping into Fairwoods 40th anniversary, I would like to once again express my deepest appreciation to our dedicate staff and management team. It has non been easy tackling the various challenges over the long time, only hand-in-hand we have managed to weather through good and bad times. I also wish to extend my gratitude to our customers, fellow directors, business partners and shareholders, for their valuable c ontributions and support down through the years. I am proud to be part of the Fairwood family, and we escort forward to celebrating more decades of success together.Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung decision maker Chairman Hong Kong, 27 June 2012 11 Financial Review Liquidity and Financial Resources 8. 068 8,400 3. 559 3. 346 2. 506 1. 5 5. 037 4. 677 The Group ? nances its business with internally generated change ? ows and uncommitted depositing facilities. At 31 establish 2012, the Group had bank deposits and cash amounting to HK$265. 3 million (2011 HK$253. 7 million), representing an increase of 4. 6% from 2011. Most bank deposits and cash were denominated in Hong Kong dollars, United States dollars and Renminbi. At 31 March 2012, the Group had total bank loans of HK$31. million denominated in Hong Kong dollars (2011 HK$41. 9 million denominated in Hong Kong dollars and Renminbi). entirely of the Groups bank borrowings were composition to the ? oating rate basis and the maturity of borrowings are up to 2019. The unutilised banking facilities were HK$271. 1 million (2011 HK$270. 6 million). The gearing ratio of the Group dropped to 6. 2% (2011 9. 0%), which was metrical based on the total bank loans over total equity. 1. 3 2. 444 7. 809 1. 115 At 31 March 2012, the Group had total as cooks of HK$806. 8 million (2011 HK$780. 9 million).The Groups working peachy was HK$111. 5 million (2011 HK$84. 0 million), represented by total current assets of HK$355. 9 million (2011 HK$334. 6 million) against total current liabilities of HK$244. 4 million (2011 HK$250. 6 million). Current ratio, organism the proportion of total current assets against total current liabilities, was 1. 5 (2011 1. 3). Total equity was HK$503. 7 million (2011 HK$467. 7 million). 2. 653 4. 6% 2. 537 3,100 4,190 2. 711 9. 0% 2. 706 6. 2% Pro? tability 24. 1% 24. 6% Return on average equity was 24. 1% (2011 24. 6%), universe pro? s attributable to equity shareholders of the bon ton excluding the compensation received for surrender of a tenancy lease and the gain on disposal of non-current assets held for sale against the average total equity at the beginning and the end of the year. 12 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Capital Expenditure 6,840 6,650 During the year, the capital expenditure was approximately HK$68. 4 million (2011 HK$66. 5 million) and these amounts were mainly used for new and existing shops renovation. Financial take chances Management The Groups receipts and expenditures were mainly denominated in Hong Kong dollars and Renminbi.The feign of the ? uctuation in exchange rate is immaterial to the Groups ? nancial position. The Group is exposed to foreign currency risk primarily through cash at bank that are denominated in a currency early(a) than the functional currency of the operations to which they relate. The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily United States dollars and Renminbi. As United States dollar is pegged to Hong Kong dollar, the Group does non expect any signi? cant movements in the United States dollar/Hong Kong dollar exchange rate.The Group watchs that the net ikon is unbroken to an acceptable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at agnise rates where necessary to address short term imbalances. For the purpose of offsetting the exposure of the interest rate ? uctuation, the Group had entered certain forward interest rate swaps with ? nancial institutions. The swaps were arranged to match the maturity of the re recompense schedule of certain bank loans with the maturity over the next 4. 5 years and had the ? xed swap rates ranging from 2. 63% to 2. 74%. 4. 5 2. 74% 2. 63% Charges on Groups AssetsAt 31 March 2012, the net book value of properties assure as security for banking facilities give to certain subsidiaries of the Group amounted to HK$48. 3 million (2011 HK$48. 3 million) and no bank deposits and cash was used to pledge any loans or banking facilities. 4,830 4,830 Commitments 4,570 4,14 0 2,020 2,370 The Groups capital commitments peachy at 31 March 2012 were HK$45. 7 million (2011 HK$41. 4 million). Included in capital commitment outstanding at 31 March 2012 was an amount of HK$20. 2 million (2011 HK$23. 7 million) for the future breeding of the central food processing plant.In addition, the Group had another(prenominal) outstanding commitments of HK$0. 9 million at 31 March 2012 (2011 HK$8. 6 million) in keep of the contracting fee for operation of a fast food restaurant not provided for in the ? nancial commonwealthments. 90 860 13 Financial Review Contingent Liabilities At 31 March 2012, plugs are given to banks by the play along in complaisance of mortgage loans and other banking facilities extended to certain wholly- have subsidiaries. As at the end of the describe issue, the Directors do not consider it probable that a claim will be made against the social club under the guarantee arrangements.The maximum obligation of the participation at the e nd of the treating period under the guarantee is the amount of the facilities drawn down by all the subsidiaries that are cover by the guarantees, be HK$77. 6 million (2011 HK$84. 0 million). The fellowship has not recognised any deferred income in respect of the guarantee as its fair value cannot be reliably measured and there is no motion price. 7,760 8,400 Employee Information 4,600 4. 434 4,600 5. 061 At 31 March 2012, the total number of employees of the Group was approximately 4,600 (2011 4,600).Staff costs for the year were approximately HK$506. 1 million (2011 HK$443. 4 million). Employees remuneration is commensurate with their job nature, quali? cations and experience. Salaries and wages are popularly reviewed p.a. based on performance appraisals and other relevant factors. The Group continues to offer competitive remuneration packages, share options and bonus to eligible staff, based on the performance of the Group and the individual employees. Also, the Group has c ommitted to provide related training programme to improve the quality, competence and skills of all staff. 14FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Pro? le of Directors Executive Directors Neblett Investments Limited XV Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung, aged 60, is the Executive Chairman of the party. He graduated from the Parsons School of Design with a bachelor dot in Fine liberal arts and also attended a course on food and beverage management at mod York University. afterwards completion of his studies in the U. S. A. in 1977, Mr Lo returned to Hong Kong and obtained a master arcdegree in stock judiciary. In 1981, Mr Lo coupled Fairwood Fast Food Limited. In 1991, he played a major role in the listing of the Company.Mr Lo was the Managing Director of the Company from 1991 to 1999. He was establish the Chairman and straits Executive of the Company in January 2000. On 1 January 2009, Mr Lo relinquished his role as headway Executive but remained as the Executive Chairman of the Company. He i s also a director of various subsidiaries of the Company. Mr Lo is a director of Neblett Investments Limited which has discloseable interests in the shares of the Company under the supplyings of Part XV of the Securities and Futures order. Mr Chan Chee Shing, aged 58, is the old-timer Executive Of? er of the Company. He received a Bachelor of Arts period in Economics from the University of Manitoba, Canada in 1977 and a prevail of Business Administration Degree from the University of East Asia, Macau in 1987. Mr Chan has over 30 years experience in marketing. precedent to joining the Group, he worked as a senior executive for a restaurant group which is listed on The mortalal credit line shift of Hong Kong Limited (the blood line flip-flop). Mr Chan joined the Group in 1995. He was appointed a Director of the Company in January 1998 and was appointed headland Executive Of? er of the Company on 1 January 2009. Mr Chan is also a director of various subsidiaries of the Com pany. Ms Mak Yee Mei, aged 45, is the Executive Director of the Company. She holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics, a sweep over of Science Degree in Finance and a Master Degree in Business Administration. She is an Associate Member of the bestow of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and the Chartered implant of Management Accountants as well as a Fellow Member of the Association of Chartered Certi? ed Accountants and the Hong Kong Institute of Certi? d macrocosm Accountants. Ms Mak has extensive experience in auditing, accounting and ? nancial management. Prior to joining the Company, she had held senior management positions in several companies the securities of which are listed on the investment trust permutation. Ms Mak joined the Company in 2004 and was appointed Executive Director, Company Secretary and Authorized Representative of the Company on 1 January 2010. She is also a director of various subsidiaries of the Company. 15 Pro? le of Directors Non-e xecutive Director * Mr Ng Chi Keung*, aged 63, is the Non-executive Director of the Company.He holds a Master Degree in Business Administration. He is an Associate Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, the Hong Kong Institute of Certi? ed Public Accountants and the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. Mr Ng has over 30 years experience in ? nance and management. Prior to joining the Group, he held senior management positions with a number of well-known local and overseas multinational companies. Mr Ng joined the Group in 1994 and was appointed a Director of the Company in November 1995.He was re-designated as a Non-executive Director of the Company from 1 January 2010 following his retreat from the Group. At the akin time, Mr Ng was also appointed as a member of the Audit charge and remains as a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company. Mr Ng is an free-lance Nonexecutive Director of Soundwill Holdings Limited which is listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange. Independent Non-executive Directors * Mr Joseph Chan Kai Nin*, aged 64, was appointed an Independent Non-executive Director in 1991.He graduated from The University of Hong Kong, the University of Strathclyde and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree, a Diploma in Social Work, a Master of Business Administration Degree and a Master of Education Degree. He is a Fellow Member of the Institute of Human Resources Management. Mr Chan has over 30 years experience in human resources development in public, commercial-grade and educational sectors. He is presently Director of the Student Development Services, city University of Hong Kong.Dr Peter Lau Kwok Kuen, aged 59, was appointed an Independent Non-executive Director in September 2000. He holds a Doctorate Degree in Business Administration from The Hong Kong polytechnic institute University, an MBA Degree from the University of Calgary in Canada and a Master o f Buddhist Studies from The University of Hong Kong. He is a member of The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants and the Society of Certi? ed Management Accountants of Canada. Dr Lau had over 12 years of management and accounting experience in the private and public sectors in Canada prior to returning to Hong Kong in 1987.Dr Lau is currently the Chairman and read/write head Executive of Giordano foreign Limited and was an Independent Non-executive Director of Hsin Chong Construction Group Limited from 2002 to 2010, both of which are listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange. He also serves as an ex-of? cio member of the Faculty Advisory Committee of the Faculty of Business at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University as well as Adjunct Professor of Marketing at City University of Hong Kong. 16 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED * Data Modul AG Mr Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo*, aged 47, was appointed an Independent Non-executive Director in November 2008.He graduated from the University of We stern Ontario, Canada with an Honours Degree in Business Administration in 1986. Mr Tsoi is an Executive Director and the Chief Executive Of? cer of Varitronix International Limited, an Executive Director of ReOrient Group Limited, a Nonexecutive Director of China WindPower Group Limited and Zhidao International (Holdings) Limited (formerly known as Ocean Grand Holdings Limited), all of which are listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange. He is also the police lieutenant Chairman of the supervisory board of Data Modul AG, which is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.Mr Peter Wan Kam To*, aged 59, was appointed an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company and the Chairman of the Companys Audit Committee in September 2009. He is a Fellow Member of Hong Kong Institute of Certi? ed Public Accountants and the Association of Chartered Certi? ed Accountants. Mr Wan was a former partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers Hong Kong and China ? rm. He has been a practicing accountant in Hong Kong for over 30 years and has extensive experience in auditing, ? nance, advisory and management.Mr Wan is currently an Independent Director of Mindray Medical International Limited (a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, USA) and RDA Microelectronics, Inc. (a company listed on the NASDAQ). Mr Wan is also an Independent Non-executive Director of several companies listed on the Stock Exchange, namely China Resources charge Limited, Dalian Port (PDA) Company Limited, GreaterChina Professional Services Limited and Huaneng Renewables pile Limited. He was formerly an Independent Non-executive Director of Real Gold Mining Limited, which is listed on the main board of the Stock Exchange. * * Member of the Audit Committee Member of the Remuneration Committee Member of the nominating address Committee 17 Report of the Directors The Board of Directors (the Board) of Fairwood Holdings Limited (the Company) has pleasure in submitting their yearly report together with th e audited ? nancial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the Group) for the year ended 31 March 2012. Principal Place of Business Canons Court, 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM12, Bermuda The Company is incorporated in Bermuda. Its registered of? e is laid at Canons Court, 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM12, Bermuda and principal buns of business is situated at 2/F, TRP Commercial Centre, 18 Tanner Road, North Point, Hong Kong. Principal Activities The principal activity of the Company is investment holding. The Group is principally engaged in the operation of fast food restaurants and topographic point investments. The principal activities and other particulars of the principal subsidiaries are set out on pages 131 to 133 to the ? nancial statements. The analysis of the principal activities and geographical locations of the operations of the Group during the ? ancial year are set out in distinguish 3(b) to the ? nancial statements. 131 133 3 (b) Major Customers and Suppliers For the year ended 31 March 2012, the commingle amount of turnover and purchases attributable to the Groups ? ve largest customers and suppliers represent less than 30% (2011 less than 30%) of the Groups total turnover and purchases respectively. 30% 30% Financial Statements The pro? t of the Group for the year ended 31 March 2012 and the state of the Companys and the Groups affairs as at that date are set out in the ? nancial statements on pages 43 to 133. 43 33 Transfer to Reserves 130,567,000 123,842,000 Pro? t attributable to equity shareholders, before dividends, of HK$130,567,000 (2011 HK$123,842,000) has been transferred to reserves. Other movements in reserves are set out in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. An interim dividend of HK22. 0 cents (2011 an interim dividend of HK20. 0 cents and a special interim dividend of HK8. 0 cents) per share was paid on 23 December 2011. The Board now recommends the payment of a ? nal divid end of HK38. 0 cents and a special ? nal dividend of HK40. 0 cents (2011 a ? al dividend of HK32. 0 cents and a special ? nal dividend of HK12. 0 cents) per share in respect of the year ended 31 March 2012. 22. 0 20. 0 38. 0 40. 0 32. 0 12. 0 8. 0 18 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED clement Donations 8,000 66,000 Charitable donations made by the Group during the year amounted to HK$8,000 (2011 HK$66,000). Fixed Assets 11 Movements in ? xed assets during the year are set out in note 11 to the ? nancial statements. take Capital During the year, the Company purchased shares of the Company on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the Stock Exchange). assigns were repurchased during the year to reduce the dilutive effect of granting share options. Details of movements in share capital of the Company during the year are set out in note 24(d) to the ? nancial statements. 24(d)(ii) pen as set out in note 24(d)(ii) to the ? nancial statements, there were no other purchases, sales or redemptio ns of the Companys listed securities by the Company or any of its subsidiaries during the year. 24(d) Directors The Directors of the Company (the Directors) during the ? nancial year and up to the date of this report wereExecutive Directors Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (Executive Chairman) Chan Chee Shing (Chief Executive Of? cer) Mak Yee Mei Non-executive Director Ng Chi Keung Independent Non-executive Directors Joseph Chan Kai Nin Peter Lau Kwok Kuen Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo Peter Wan Kam To 109 189(viii) In abidance with Bye-laws 109 and 189(viii) of the Company, Mr Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo and Mr Peter Wan Kam To shall fork up by whirling at the upcoming one-year general meeting and Mr Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo and Mr Peter Wan Kam To, being eligible, will offer themselves for re-election at the forthcoming annual general eeting. Independent Non-executive Directors are appointed for a ? xed term of three years and are orbit to privacy by rotation and re-election at the annual general meeting of the C ompany in agreement with the Bye-laws of the Company. 19 Report of the DirectorsDirectors and Chief Executives Interests and Short Positions in Shares, profound Shares and Debentures 352 As at 31 March 2012, the interests or short positions of the Directors and chief executives of the Company and their associates in the shares, be shares and debentures of the Company and its associated corporations (within the meaning of Part XV of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (the SFO)) as recorded in the register required to be unplowed by the Company pursuant to segment 352 of the SFO, or as other than noti? d to the Company and the Stock Exchange pursuant to the warning formula for Securities proceedings by Directors of Listed Issuers (the Model Code) were as follows XV (a) (a) Interests in the Company 1 Ordinary shares of HK$1 each deed of underlying shares pursuant Personal interests Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung 109,000 Family interests Corporate interests Other interests 55,435,38 4 1 (Note 1) Chan Chee Shing Mak Yee Mei 15,000 680,000 1,000,000 320,000 1,015,000 1,000,000 0. 2% 0. 80% to Share options Total 55,544,384 band of total issued shares 44. 61% 1 Limited Limited Neblett Investments Neblett CFJ Holdings CFJ Neblett CFJ Note 1 These shares were held by Neblett Investments Limited (Neblett) and CFJ Holdings Limited (CFJ). The companies are bene? cially own by two separate trusts of which Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung is a arbitrary object.Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung, by virtue of his interest in the trusts as a discretional object and as the Executive Chairman of the Company, was deemed to be interest in the shares held by Neblett and CFJ. 20 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Directors and Chief Executives Interests and Short Positions in Shares, Underlying Shares and Debentures (continued) (b) (b) Interests in Fairwood Fast Food Limited (FFFL) 10 Non-voting deferred shares of HK$10 each Personal interests Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung 11,500 Family interests Corporate interests Other interests 279,357 2 (Note 2) Total 290,857 2 Limited Pengto International Pengto Pengto Note 2 These shares were held by Pengto International Limited (Pengto), a company bene? cially own by a trust of which Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung is a arbitrary object. Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung, by virtue of his interest in the trust as a discretionary object and as the Executive Chairman of the Company, was deemed to be interested in the shares held by Pengto. All the interests stated above represent long positions.Apart from the foregoing and those disclosed under the section Share alternative stratagem on a lower floor, as at 31 March 2012, none of the Directors or chief executives of the Company or any of their spouses or children under eighteen years of age had any other interests or short positions in the shares, underlying shares or debentures of the Company or any of its associated corporations (within the meaning of Part XV of the SFO) which had been entered in the registe r kept by the Company pursuant to dent 352 of the SFO or as otherwise noti? d to the Company and the Stock Exchange pursuant to the Model Code. Details of Directors and chief executives interests under the Companys share option scheme are also set out in the section Share picking outline below. 352 XV 21 Report of the Directors Share option dodging On 7 September 2011, the Company terminated its then share option scheme that was take on 18 September 2002 (the 2002 extract plan) and adopted a new share option scheme (the 2011 Option Scheme) on the same date.As a result of the termination, no further options may be grant under the 2002 Option Scheme but the options that have been granted and remained outstanding as of that date under the 2002 Option Scheme remain effective. A summary of the 2002 Option Scheme and 2011 Option Scheme is set out below (a) a) 2002 Option Scheme The purpose of the 2002 Option Scheme was to attract and retain the best quality personnel for the dev elopment of the Companys businesses to provide additional incentives to any employee of the Company or its subsidiaries or any consultant, agent, representative, adviser, supplier of goods or services, customer, contractor, business ally and joint stake partner (the 2002 Option Scheme Qualifying Grantee) and to promote the long term ? nancial success of the Company by aligning the interests of option holders to shareholders of the Company.Under the 2002 Option Scheme, Directors were authorised, at their discretion, to involve any Director (including Non-executive Director and Independent Non-executive Director) or any of the 2002 Option Scheme Qualifying Grantee to take up options to subscribe for shares in the Company at a price which shall not be less than the highest of (i) the closing price of the shares as stated in the daily quotation sheet of the Stock Exchange on the date of offer (ii) the average closing price of the shares as stated in the daily quotation sheets of the S tock Exchange for the 5 business days at one time preceding the date of offer and (iii) the nominal value of a share. As at 7 September 2011 (being the date of termination), the maximum number of shares in respect of which options granted under the 2002 Option Scheme is 12,660,828 shares, being 10% of the issued share capital of the Company as at 23 August 2006, the date on which the refreshment of the mandate limit under the 2002 Option Scheme was approved by the shareholders of the Company.The maximum entitlement for any one participant under the 2002 Option Scheme shall not in any 12 months period up to the date of grant exceed 1% of the Companys shares in issue. (i) (ii) (iii) 12,660,828 10% 1% 22 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Share Option Scheme (continued) (b) (b) 2011 Option Scheme The purpose of the 2011 Option Scheme is to attract and retain the best quality personnel for the development of the Companys businesses to provide incentives or rewards to any employee, Director (inc luding Non-executive Director and Independent Non-executive Director) or of? cer of any member of the Group or any related trust or company (the 2011 Option Scheme Qualifying Grantee) and to promote the long term ? ancial success of the Company by aligning the interests of option holders to shareholders of the Company. Under the 2011 Option Scheme, Directors were authorised, at their discretion, to invite any of the 2011 Option Scheme Qualifying Grantee to take up options to subscribe for shares in the Company at a price which shall not be less than whichever is the highest of (i) the closing price of the shares as stated in the daily quotation sheet of the Stock Exchange on the date of offer (ii) the average closing price of the shares as stated in the daily quotation sheets of the Stock Exchange for the 5 business days immediately preceding the date of offer and (iii) the nominal value of a share.As at 31 March 2012, the maximum number of shares in respect of which options may be granted under the 2011 Option Scheme is 12,563,528 shares being 10% of the issued share capital of the Company as at 7 September 2011. The maximum entitlement for any one participant under the 2011 Option Scheme shall not in any 12 months period up to the date of grant exceed 1% of the Companys shares in issue. (i) (ii) (iii) 12,563,528 10% 1% The life of the 2011 Option Scheme is 10 years commencing on 7 September 2011 and expiring on 6 September 2021. During the year ended 31 March 2012, (i) (i) No option was granted under the 2011 Option Scheme and 23 Report of the Directors Share Option Scheme (continued) (ii) 1 12. 58 11. 0 1 1 (ii) the Directors and employees of the Company had the following interests in options to subscribe for shares of the Company (market value per share at 31 March 2012 was HK$12. 58 (2011 HK$11. 10)) granted for HK$1 consideration under the 2002 Option Scheme. The options are unlisted. Each option gives the holder the right to subscribe for one ordinary s hare of HK$1 each of the Company. Number of options outstanding at 1 April 2011 1,000,000 Chan Chee Shing (Director) Number of options granted during the year Date granted Number of options pass Exercisable during period the year Number of options exercised during the year Number of options outstanding at 31 March 2012 1,000,000 Exercise price per share 6. 26 HK$6. 26Closing price per share immediately before date of grant of options 6. 28 HK$6. 28 Weighted average price of closing price per share immediately before date of exercise of options 8 April 2009 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2016 400,000 Mak Yee Mei (Director) 1 March 2010 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2016 800,000 Employee 6 April 2009 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 5 April 2010 to 4 April 2017 (480,000) (320,000) 6. 30 HK$6. 30 6. 23 HK$6. 23 11. 68 HK$11. 68 ( 80,000) 320,000 8. 08 HK$8. 08 8. 07 HK$8. 7 11. 68 HK$11. 68 24 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Share Option Scheme (continued) Number of options outstanding at 1 April 2011 2,358,000 Employees Number of options granted during the year Date granted Number of options lapsed Exercisable during period the year (78,000) Number of options exercised during the year (600,000) Number of options outstanding at 31 March 2012 1,680,000 Exercise price per share 6. 26 HK$6. 26 Closing price per share immediately before date of grant of options 6. 28 HK$6. 28 Weighted average price of closing price per share immediately before date of exercise of options 11. 10 HK$11. 10 8 April 2009 20% Exercisable in ? e tranches of 20% during the period from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2016 95,000 Employee 4 May 2009 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2016 90,000 Employee 10 July 2009 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2016 50,000 Employee 17 December 2010 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 17 December 2011 to 16 November 2018 50,000 10. 96 HK$10. 96 10. 60 HK$10. 60 (30,000) 60,000 7. 69 HK$7. 69 7. 30 HK$7. 30 11. 46 HK$11. 46 (60,000) (35,000) 6. 29 HK$6. 29 6. 18 HK$6. 18 10. 78 HK$10. 78 25 Report of the DirectorsShare Option Scheme (continued) Number of options outstanding at 1 April 2011 100,000 Employee Number of options granted during the year Date granted Number of options lapsed Exercisable during period the year Number of options exercised during the year Number of options outstanding at 31 March 2012 100,000 Exercise price per share 10. 90 HK$10. 90 Closing price per share immediately before date of grant of options 10. 92 HK$10. 92 Weighted average price of closing before date of exercise of options 16 February 2011 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 16 February 2012 to 15 February 2017 Employee 28 April 2011 2 0% Exercisable in ? e tranches of 20% during the period from 28 April 2012 to 27 May 2019 Employee 28 April 2011 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016 Employee 9 May 2011 20% Exercisable in ? ve tranches of 20% during the period from 9 May 2012 to 8 May 2019 800,000 800,000 10. 88 HK$10. 88 10. 82 HK$10. 82 100,000 (80,000) (20,000) 10. 91 HK$10. 91 10. 84 HK$10. 84 11. 76 HK$11. 76 800,000 800,000 10. 91 HK$10. 91 10. 84 HK$10. 84 26 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Share Option Scheme (continued) Information on the accounting policy for share options granted and the weighted average value per option is provided in note 1(p)(ii) and note 21 to the ? nancial statements respectively.Apart from the foregoing, at no time during the year was the Company or any of its subsidiaries a political party to any arrangement to enable the Directors or chief executives of the Company or any of their spouses or children under eighteen years o f age to acquire bene? ts by means of acquisition of shares in or debentures of the Company or any of its associated corporations within the meaning of the SFO. 1(p)(ii) 21 Substantial Interests in the Share Capital of the Company 336 As at 31 March 2012, the interests or short positions of every person, other than the Directors and chief executives of the Company, in the shares and underlying shares of the Company as recorded in the register required to be kept by the Company under Section 336 of the SFO, or as otherwise noti? d to the Company, were as follows Shares directly and/or indirectly held (i) Neblett (ii) CFJ 2 1 1 2 1 (i) Neblett (Note 1) (ii) CFJ (Note 2) (iii) Winning Spirit International Corporation (Note 1) (iv) HSBC International Trustee Limited (Note 1) (v) HSBC Trustee (Cook Islands) Limited (Note 2) (vi) Allard Partners Limited 12,632,500 6,660,000 48,775,384 48,775,384 6,660,000 48,775,384 Percentage of total issued shares 39. 18% 5. 35% 39. 18% 39. 18% 5. 35% 1 0. 15% (iii) Winning Spirit International Corporation Limited Limited (iv) HSBC International Trustee (v) HSBC Trustee (Cook Islands) (vi) Allard Partners Limited 27 Report of the DirectorsSubstantial Interests in the Share Capital of the Company (continued) 1 Neblett Winning Spirit International Corporation Neblett 100% Neblett HSBC International Trustee Limited Winning Spirit International Corporation 100% Neblett Note 1 These interests represented the same foil of shares directly held by Neblett. Winning Spirit International Corporation owned 100% interest in Neblett and was therefore deemed to be interested in the shares directly held by Neblett. HSBC International Trustee Limited, in its capacity as a trustee of a trust of which Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung is a discretionary object, owned 100% interest in Winning Spirit International Corporation and was therefore deemed to be interested in the shares directly held by Neblett and 2 CFJ HSBC Trustee (Cook Islands) Limited CFJ CFJ 100 % Note 2 these interests represented the same block of shares directly held by CFJ. HSBC Trustee (Cook Islands) Limited, in its capacity as a trustee of a rust of which Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung is a discretionary object, owned 100% interest in CFJ and was therefore deemed to be interested in the shares directly held by CFJ. All the interests stated above represent long positions. Save as disclosed above, no other interest or short position in the shares or underlying shares of the Company were recorded in the register required to be kept under Section 336 of the SFO as at 31 March 2012. 336 Suf? ciency of Public Float establish on the information that is publicly available to the Company and within the knowledge of the Directors as at the date of this annual report, the Company has maintained the dictate public ? oat under the Rules Governing the tilt of Securities on the Stock Exchange (the leaning Rules). 28FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Continuing affiliated Transactions 14A The par ticulars of the following proceed connected transactions of the Group are set out below in compliance with the reporting requirements of Chapter 14A of the Listing Rules (a) 28(b) (a) occupation agreement with New Champion International Limited (New Champion) As dilate in note 28(b) to the ? nancial statements, FFFL, a subsidiary of the Company, leased a plaza from New Champion with a lease term of three years from 10 April 2009 to 9 April 2012 for the operation of a fast food restaurant. On 31 October 2011, such lease was renewed for a further three years from 10 April 2012.As New Champion is an associate of Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (a Director of the Company), the accounting entry into the lease constituted inveterate connected transaction for the Company. Details of rent and deposits paid by FFFL relating to the property for the above transaction are as follows 2012 HK$000 Rent for the year rental deposits at 31 March 1,440 360 2011 HK$000 1,440 360 (b) 28(c) (b) Tenancy ag reement with Hibony Limited (Hibony) As detailed in note 28(c) to the ? nancial statements, FFFL leased a property from Hibony for three years from 1 March 2012 for the operation of a fast food restaurant that had to be relocated due to urban renewal.As Hibony is an associate of Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (a Director of the Company), the entering into the lease constituted continuing connected transaction for the Company. Details of rent and deposits paid by FFFL relating to the property for the above transaction are as follows 2012 HK$000 Rent for the year Rental deposits at 31 March 208 660 2011 HK$000 29 Report of the Directors Continuing affiliated Transactions (continued) 14A In compliance with Chapter 14A of the Listing Rules in connection with the above continuing connected transactions, the Independent Non-executive Directors have reviewed and con? rmed that the transactions with New Champion nd Hibony (the Transactions) have been entered into (i) in the ordinary and prevale nt course of business (ii) either on normal commercial term or on terms no less favourable than those available to or from independent third parties (iii) in symmetry with the terms of agreements regime the Transactions on terms that are fair and reasonable and in the interests of the shareholders of the Company as a whole and (iv) the aggregate value of the Transactions for the year ended 31 March 2012 has not exceeded the maximum aggregate annual value. The Companys auditor was engaged to report on the Groups continuing connected transactions in accordance with Hong Kong Standard on Assurance Engagements 3000 Assurance Engagements Other Than Audits or Reviews of historical Financial Information and with reference to Practice Note 740 Auditors Letter on Continuing Connected Transactions under the Hong Kong Listing Rules issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certi? ed Public Accountants. The auditors have issued their unquali? ed letter containing their ? dings and remnants in r espect of the continuing connected transactions in accordance with Rule 14A. 38 of the Listing Rules. A copy of the auditors letter has been provided by the Company to the Stock Exchange. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 3000 740 14A. 38 Directors Interests in Contracts Save as the transactions disclosed in the section headed Continuing Connected Transactions, no contract of signi? cance to the Groups business to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries was a party and in which a Director had a material interest, whether directly or indirectly, subsisted at the end of the year or at any time during the year. 30 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Directors Service ContractsNo Director proposed for re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting has an valid service contract which is not determinable by the Company or any of its subsidiaries within one year without payment of compensation, other than normal statutory compensation. Pre-emptive Rights There is no provision for pre-emptive rights u nder the Companys Bye-laws and the laws in Bermuda. Bank Loans 19 Particulars of bank loans of the Group at 31 March 2012 are set out in note 19 to the ? nancial statements. Five-Year Group Financial Summary 134 135 A summary of the results and of the assets and liabilities of the Group for the last ? ve ? nancial years is set out on pages 134 and 135 of the annual report. Investment Properties 136 Particulars of the investment properties of the Group are shown on page 136 of the annual report. Retirement SchemeThe Group operates a Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme (the MPF Scheme) under the Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance for employees in Hong Kong under the jurisdiction of the Hong Kong Employment Ordinance. Particulars of the MPF Scheme are set out in note 20 to the ? nancial statements. Employees engaged by the Group remote Hong Kong are covered by appropriate local de? ned contribution retirement schemes pursuant to the local labour rules and regulations. 20 Con? rmation of Independence 3. 13 The Company has received from each of the Independent Nonexecutive Directors an annual con? rmation of independency pursuant to Rule 3. 13 of the Listing Rules and considers all the Independent Non-executive Directors to be independent. 31 Report of the Directors Auditor KPMG retire and, being eligible, offer themselves for re- participation.A resolution for the re-appointment of KPMG as auditor of the Company is to be proposed at the forthcoming annual general meeting. By order of the Board Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung Executive Chairman Hong Kong, 27 June 2012 32 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Corporate Governance Report The Board of Directors (the Board) of Fairwood Holdings Limited (the Company) is committed to achieving high standards of corporate governance practices to shield the interests of shareholders and to enhance corporate value and accountability. The Company has complied with the code provisions as set out in the Code on Corporate Governance Pr actices (the CG Code) contained in extension 14 of the Rules Governing the Listing ofSecurities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the Listing Rules) throughout the year ended 31 March 2012, save and except that the Chairman and/or Managing Director of the Company are not subject to retirement by rotation, exposit of which and the reasons for the deviation are stated below. Following the announcement of consultation conclusion on the review of the CG Code and associated Listing Rules in October 2011, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (Stock Exchange) introduced a number of amendments to the CG Code and associated Listing Rules that are to be effective in 2012 (Revised Code). This report also describes the number of requirements under the Revised Code that the Company has adopted. Model Code for Securities TransactionsThe Company has adopted the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (the Model Code) as set out in Appendix 10 of the Lis ting Rules for securities transactions by the Directors of the Company (the Directors). Following speci? c enquiry by the Company, all Directors con? rmed their compliance with the required standards set out in the Model Code throughout the year ended 31 March 2012. Board of Directors The overall management of the Companys business is vested in the Board, which assumes the responsibility for leadership and control of the Company and is collectively responsible for promoting the success of the Company by directing and supervising its affairs. All Directors have taken decisions objectively in the interests of the Company and its shareholders at all times.The Board recognizes that corporate governance should be the collective responsibility of all Directors, as such, it adopted terms of reference for corporate governance functions that are in line with the Revised Code. 33 Corporate Governance Report Board of Directors (continued) The Board undertakes responsibility for decision making in major matters of the Company, including the approval and monitoring of all policy matters, overall strategies and budgets, internal controls, ? nancial information, appointment of directors and other signi? cant ? nancial and operational matters. All Directors have been consulted on all major and material matters of the Company.With the advice and services of the Company Secretary, the Executive Chairman seeks to ensure that all Directors are properly briefed on issues arising at Board meetings and receive adequate and reliable information in a timely manner. Directors may choose to take independent overlord advice in appropriate circumstances at the Companys expenses, upon making request to the Board. The day-to-day management, judicial system and operation of the Company are delegated to the Executive Committee which comprises the three Executive Directors and the senior management of the Company. The delegated functions and work tasks are periodically reviewed. Approval has to be obtained from the Board prior to any signi? ant transactions entered into by the abovementioned of? cers. As at the date of this report, the Board comprises the following Directors Executive Directors Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (Executive Chairman) Chan Chee Shing (Chief Executive Of? cer) Mak Yee Mei Non-executive Director Ng Chi Keung Independent Non-executive Directors (INED(s)) Joseph Chan Kai Nin Peter Lau Kwok Kuen Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo Peter Wan Kam To 34 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Board of Directors (continued) During the year ended 31 March 2012, the Board at all times met the requirements of the Listing Rules relating to the appointment of at least three INEDs with at least one INED possessing appropriate professional quali? ations or accounting or related ? nancial management expertise. The representation of INEDs is more than one third of the Board. A list containing the names of the Directors with their roles and functions has been published on the websites of the Company a nd the Stock Exchange. Biographical details of all Directors are set out on pages 15 to 17 of this annual report. There is no relationship among Directors of the Board and in particular, between the Executive Chairman and the Chief Executive Of? cer. The Company has received from each of the INED an annual con? rmation in writing of his independence pursuant to Rule 3. 13 of the Listing Rules.Furthermore, the Board is not aware of any relationship or circumstances which would mediate with the exercise of the independent judgment of the INEDs. Accordingly, the Company considers that all the INEDs are independent. tetrad full Board meetings were held during the year ended 31 March 2012 and attention record of each Director is set out below 15 17 3. 13 No. of meetings attended/held Executive Directors Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung (Executive Chairman) Chan Chee Shing (Chief Executive Of? cer) Mak Yee Mei Non-executive Director Ng Chi Keung Independent Non-executive Directors Joseph Chan Kai N in Peter Lau Kwok Kuen Tony Tsoi Tong Hoo Peter Wan Kam To 4/4 4/4 3/4 4/4 3/4 4/4 4/4 4/4 35Corporate Governance Report Board of Directors (continued) All Directors well understand their responsibilities to present a balanced, clear and understandable assessment of annual and interim reports, price-sensitive announcements and other disclosures required under the Listing Rules and other regulatory requirements. The Directors acknowledge their responsibility for preparing ? nancial statements which give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group. The statement of the auditor of the Company about their reporting responsibilities on the ? nancial statements of the Company is set out on pages 41 and 42 in the independent auditors report.The Directors, having made appropriate enquiries, con? rm that there are no material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that may weave doubt upon the Companys ability to continue as a going concern. 41 42 Appointment and Re-el ection of Directors On 11 January 2012, the Board established the Nomination Committee with written terms of reference which are in line with the Revised Code and are posted on the websites of the Company and the Stock Exchange and are available to shareholders upon request. The Nomination Committee comprises two INEDs, Dr Peter Lau Kwok Kuen and Mr Peter Wan Kam To. Mr Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung is the chairman of the Nomination Committee.The Nomination Committee reviews the structure, size and composition of the Board, identi? es and recommends to the Board suitable candidate(s) to stand for election by shareholders at annual general meeting, or when necessary, to ? ll vacancies on the Board. The Board is empowered under the Bye-laws of the Company (the Bye-laws) to appoint any person as a director of the Company either to ? ll a unremarkable vacancy or as an addition to the Board. For procedures for shareholders to propose a person for election as a director, please refer to the proced ures posted on the Companys website. 36 FAIRWOOD HOLDINGS LIMITED Appointment and Re-election of Directors (continued) i) (ii) According to the Bye-laws, (i) new Directors appointed by the Board during the year shall hold of? ce until the ? rst annual general meeting after their appointment and shall then be eligible for reelection and (ii) at each annual general meeting, one-third of the Directors (other than any Director holding of? ce as Chairman or Managing Director) for the time being or, if their number is not three or a multiple of three, then the number nearest to but not less than one-third, shall retire from of? ce provided that each Director (other than any Director holding of? ce as Chairman or Managing Director) including those appointed for a speci? c term shall be subject to retirement by rotation at least once every three years.A copy of an up-to-date consolidated version of the Companys Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws are available at the websites of the Comp any and the Stock Exchange. Currently, all Non-executive Directors are appointed for a speci? c term of three years, subject to retirement by rotation and re-election by the shareholders in accordance with the Bye-laws. Chairman and Chief Executive Of? cer The Chairman and Chief Executive Of? cer of the Company are Messrs Dennis Lo Hoi Yeung and Chan Chee Shing respectively whose roles are discriminate and are not exercised by the same individual. A. 4. 2 Code provision A. 4. 2 of the CG Code stipulates that every director, including those appointed for a speci? term, should be subject to retirement by ro

Apush Supplemental Reading Notes- Early Settlements

APUSH SUPPLEMENTAL READING NOTES other(a) Settlements by James Horn Please answer each disbelief thoroughly and eat uply. If you arrest treated this assignment lightly, you will be at a disadvantage in writing essays that call for substantial and portion show upside information. Read Early Settlements (http//www. gilderlehrman. org/history-by-era/early-settlements/essays/early-settlements ) by James Horn and complete the prompts below. In two or three well thought out sentences, summarize the major point of this reading. (Please be thorough. This will be actually important to you late in the year when reviewing for the AP test)In this reading, the author wrote active the early English settlers of the New World.He opens with a quote from a qualifying from the 16th century that speaks somewhat the colonies in the new world, and how England should get problematic and start to colonize as well. The author then goes into detail on the establishing of the 13 colonies of En gland in the New World and later on, the lifestyle in terms of immigrants, diversity, and population. The article ends talking about the expansion from the original 13 colonies to what would make Britain known as the acknowledged master of North the States. In a couple of sentences, what was the bias of the author? From what perspective does the author penpolitical, social, and economic? Why is this signifi crappert in the document you have read?Related article Apush Taxation Without Representation DbqWhile most essays and articles take care to have some form of bias, I do not resource up in whatsoever way a sense of this at any time in the reading. He conveys his message of Englands heighten to dominance of North America, maybe slightly hinting at bias in that sense, but n matchlesstheless, in a writing style hat displays facts one by one, and gets straight to the point. This style of writing is clearly significant in the document simply because it is an easy way to limit bias, and shorten the article, hence making it more reader-friendly for some- if not most readers. Continued on the following page Different from the what is the main point question above, list some(prenominal) things that you learned from this reading, things that you did not know before doing this reading. Treaty of Utrecht (1713) gave Britain control of the areas of Hudson Bay, Acadia (Nova Scotia), and Newfoundland Spanish were involved in the French and Indian War The British 13 colonies grew in population (nearly 5 times size) over 60 long time Surges into the backcountry (west of Appalachian) began so early (early 18th mainly) Black populations grew even more rapidly from about 20,000 in 1700 to 326,000 by 1760 Rice became the third great staple of Britains transatlantic commerce, alongside West Indian sugar and Chesapeake tobacco 5,000 Algonquians who lived along the coastal plain of Virginia when the English first arrived, only about 1,000 remained by 1700 The purpose of this assignment is to help you be prepared to preserve to historians or historically significant individuals in your AP test essays.In the space below, write down quotes from the document that you think might be useful. Try to be selectivechoose those that are genuinely typical of the writers thinking or that highlight a major point in the writers thinking or argument. Include page numbers so that you can find them again when we review. English indentured ervants, Ulster Irish, Catholic Irish, Scots, French Huguenots, and tens of thousands of Germans from the Rhineland and Swiss cantons moved into the coastal plain flocked to the burgeoning port cities of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia trekked along conceptive river valleys into the interior and pressed on toward the Appalachian Mountains Together, Virginia, Maryland, and the Lower South accounted for fully 87 percent of all Africans and African Americans living in the mainland colonies in 1760 The turn of the century witnessed a new direction in English colonizing activities. Peace with Spain in 1604 brought an end to privateering, plunder, and the need for a North American base from which to attack Spanish shipping Jamestown, founded on May 14, 1607, scarcely survived its first five years.A combination of disease, Indian attacks, faction, and the failure to make any significant discoveries or profit brought the colony to the edge of collapse on several occasions and discouraged continuing investment. The discovery of a salaried cash crop, tobacco, which could be cultivated extensively in Virginia and brought a bighearted return in England, saved the colony but not the Virginia Company, whose scoop shovel charter was revoked in 1624. SOURCE http//www. murrayschools. org/MHS/apus/ 10. 1. 2007

Academic Achievement of Homeschooled Children Essay

These days many Ameri batch children are educateed at residence, with the number growing more(prenominal) and more per year level off, t the same time property instruction has received less attention than other modern potpourris in the teachingal system. It could be argued that alkali inform daytime may accept a a good deal larger impact on fosterageal system, both in the condensed and long run. This enquiry pass on basically provide the home conditiontime population, its growth and its characteristics.Also, with the beginning of a discussion of the data sources used in the analysis, this investigate examines characteristics of home schooled children and their families such as those characteristics most relevant for gauging trends in home schooling. Lastly, there exit be talked intimately implications of home schooling for regular schools and a brief conclusion. Therefore, based on all these explorees, I am going to explore whether or non home-based did actics let soaringer academician skill than the institutional schooling in U. S. A. purpose Methods The researchers ordain use quantitative research regarding the warp of the readingal primer coat of parents on the carry throughance of their home schooled children. The performance of the home schooled children go out be quantified in comparison with the habitual school children with overly varying educational backgrounds. Survey mannerusing go away be used in order to obtain the more generalized results of the study. Participants will be contacted initiatory through phone to amaze permission or consend of world part of the study.This part will too inform the family, especially the parents about the research study that will be conducted. concord to Timothy Johnson of University of Illinois at Chicago, having an informed accept of the participants is part of the ethics of conducting researches. (Johnson) If the participants agree on being part of the study, mailed questionnaires will be distributed. The group that I constitute to study is 75 homeschooled ordinal (11th) and twelfth (12th) graders.The chosen essay size is a significant number in order to study the influence of the educational background of parents on their homeschooled children since 75 is not some(prenominal) of a high number, making it too pricey or having too much effort kick downn on the study, or not too imprint of a number. Studies were also made regarding the influence of parents on their homeschooled children, but these studies were more focused on the primary education (Grades 1-4, as indicated in the literary works Review), and not on the high school level.This study will advertise explore if the influence of parent educational background will change if the learners are at a higher level of schooling. This study will also be limited on eleventh and twelfth graders. The s adenylic acidle size 75 students will be dual-lane into iii groups. pigeonholing 1 wi ll consist of children that have been schooled at home by parents that have less than a high school education. gathering 2 will consist of children that have been homeschooled by parents that have a high school education. radical 3 will consist of 25 children that have been homeschooled by parents.Additionally, 75 general school children also in eleventh (11th) and twelfth (12th) grade will serve as the control group. Group 4 will consist of children that have been schooled in the public school system and whose parents have less than a high school education. Group 5 will consist of 25 children have been schooled in public school and have parents that have a high school education and Group 6 will consist of 25 children that have been schooled in public school whose parents have a college education. These particular groups were chosen to research deuce key line of businesss addressed in the research proposal.First the area of whether homeschooled children outperform those that are educated by public school. Second this method will attempt to address if the parents education significantly impacts academic attainment in both groups. Eleventh (11th) and Twelfth (12th) grade students were chosen for this research because they are at the end of their respective high school education and one can wear out assess their overall education. Obtaining the data indispensable to conduct the research will consist identifying the screen out subjects in home school by contacting a home school association indoors the target state(s) for a mailing list of parents.A small questionnaire will be sent out to ascertain the educational background of parents with go past postage and a request that they mail the questionnaire back. This feedback will be divided into the three groups identified to study. At this point, 25 families will be promiscuously chosen from each group and contacted by the researcher via telephone. If a family elects not to be part of the study group, anoth er family will be willy-nilly chosen from that category. The researchers will continue to distribute questionnaires on families that fit the criteria, until a response is made.Once a telephone interview with the parents is conducted and they have concord to participate, a account assessment will be mailed to the family. A return envelope with postage paid will be sent with the assessment. This assessment will be an ACT/SAT style test addressing the quad main academic components Math, narration, Science, and English. The child or children will have 24 hours to complete the assessment and return it to either the post military position or mailbox so that the return envelope can be st angstrom united for that day.This method will put urgency into the test being finish and sent back and may abase some forms of cheating. While a computerized test was considered, it may not be possible for all children schooled at home to have computer access so a paper assessment was the most vers atile method of data collection. The same help will be conducted for the public school children. Eligible families will be identified by contacting the target state(s) Department of Education. Again, a paper questionnaire will be sent asking for data on the parents education and a request to return it.These parents will also be contacted for permission. Once consent is given, the assessment will be sent to the family with the same procedure depict above. In Groups 1, 2, and 3 we can assess the general academic happen uponment of children schooled at home. We can also measure, to a degree, how much the parents own education impacts the academic achievements of the child or children. The same is true of Groups 4, 5, and 6. In the grounds of the latter group, parents education may not be relevant however it is necessary for the continuity of the study.In order to obtain accurate results, these assessments should be conducted sometime indoors the school year after the prototypal stern of either the eleventh (11th) or (12th) grade. Students should be assessed after being attached to their routine learning guidelines in their respective schooling. Respondents will also be assured that they will be guaranteed that their responses will be confidential, as also stated in the Code of Standards of Council of American Survey Research Organizations. (Council of American Survey Research Organizations, 2009) In a working paper write for the U.S. Census Bureau, Kurt Bauman pointed out several characteristics that may do home school trends (Bauman, 2001). However, the purpose of this study is purely to identify academic achievement within both the home school student group and public school student group. SURVEY QUESTIONS The survey questions will be divided into three parts basic information, performance section. These questions will be the same for Groups 1, 2, and 3, and Groups 4, 5, and 6. The first part, as the name says, contains all the basic information abou t the student and the parents.This part will include the educational background of the parents, the reasons for home schooling, what they bed about the regulations regarding home schooling of their state, etc. The questionnaire for those that are homeschooled, in order, will provide this series of questions name, name of parents, age, grade, educational background of parents, number of long time being homeschooled, reason/s of being homeschooled, and organizations that are involved in regarding homeschooling. The questions, on the other hand, of those that are in public schools will be the same of the homeschooled questionnaire, except for the last three questions.The next part on the other hand, will include the academic test that will throttle the performance of the student. The students will answer questions on subject numerates like Math, Science, Reading and English, in order to at least have a mountain chain about their overall academic knowledge. ETHICS ON RESEARCH The re searchers declare the fact that the study can be a critical depicted object especially for parents since discrimination, especially on educational backgrounds, might be possible. However, it is also an essential for the researchers to keep in mind the ethics of conducting a research as stated by Thomas Watson.First is that the researchers will give privacy to the respondents, meaning they can willingly say or not say information that they arent comfortable with. Second, the researchers will ensure volunteer(prenominal) participationthat is, the researchers will respect if they want to be part of the research or not. Lastly, the researchers will maintain confidentiality and non-attribution. The respondents will remain to be anonymous. (Watson, 1996) References Bauman, Kurt J. , internal reading in the join States Trends and Characteristics, (2001).Retrieved April 13, 2010 from the U. S. Census Bureau website http//network. census. gov/population/www/documentation/twps0053/twps0 053. html Literature Review faculty member Achievement of folkschooled Children Does home-based education cause higher academic achievement than the institutional schooling in California? Early studies as well as the more recent studies illustrate that this is indeed possible, as they examine the academic performances of homeschooled students in variant locations and with various independent variables.For instance, Belfield and Levin (2005) showed that homeschooled students have better SAT verbal tally than the non-homeschooled students. Although homeschooled students have higher SAT math marks as well, the time out seems to be greater in the verbal scores (Belfield & Levin, 2005). afterward controlling for 21 independent variables, Belfield and Levin showed that the advantage of homeschooled students over one-on-one school students was reduced, but the great gap still exists when the comparison is mingled with homeschooled students and public schools students.Moreover, the scores of the homeschooled students and private school students in SAT are at par with each other, with no group outperforming the other (Belfield & Levin, 2005). According to Basham et al. (2007), whether having at least one or no parent as a sure teacher do not significantly matter on the achievement levels of the homeschooled children, although parents who acquired university degree have homeschooled children who outperform significantly those parents who did not earned a degree.However, Bansham illustrate that regardless of these parental backgrounds, homeschooled children all scored between the range of 80 to 90 percent, as opposed to the fair score of 63 percent for public school students, who have parents with university degree and average score of 28 percent of public school students who have parents with no degree. Moreover, around 25 percent of homeschooled students have academic performances better than students above their age-level studying either in public or private schools (Bauman, 2002).This can be seen in grade 1 to 4 homeschooled students. all in all of them perform better compared to the performance of the non-homeschooled students of at least one-grade level higher (McDowell & Ray, 2000). When it comes to 8th grade, the homeschooled students have academic performances better than non-homeschooled students at least four grade levels higher. All these evidences illustrate that being homeschooled leads to better academic performances disrespect the childrens background, which would have played negative roles when the children were not homeschooled (McDowell & Ray, 2000). plateschooling reduce or eliminate altogether the negative effects kickoff family income, low parental educational attainment, large family size, race or ethnicity or even gender would have played if the students were not educated in the home setting (Bansham et al. , 2007, Ray, 2000 Ray & Eagleson, 2008). Not having computers or other materials needed b y formal schools or not having access to public libraries seems not to matter as much for homeschooled students as compared to homeschooled students as well (Bansham et al. , 2007).All these factors do not affect how the children perform academically either. The academic achievements of homeschooled children cannot be generalized. Researchers doubt generalizations because it is difficult to compare homeschooled children and those who are not. However, despite all the doubts of the generalizabilty of the better academic performance of homeschooled children, more and more studies are producing evidence that homeschooled children achieve better performance against their non-homeschooled peers on various types of tests (Basham et al, 2007).The present study will determine if in California, the same findings would emerge. the scores of the homeschooled students and certain Californian private school students in SAT will be examined to test this. Factors such as socio-economic background, gender and ethnicity will also be tested to determine whether each of them will have a significant relationship with the academic achievement of homeschooled students in California. Homeschooling laws depend on the state where the family is residingwhether be it the requirements of the parents, the scrutiny procedure, etc.In a state like Washington, parents are call for to have 45 quarter units of college level credit, complete parent suffice course, an average of an hour a week meeting with a certified teacher, and a force to provide home-based teaching instruction by the superintended of the local school district. (Russell, 2008) The case is otherwise different in Michigan since no law requires for parents or teachers to have certain qualifications in order to teach.( Home School well-grounded defence Association, 2009) According to Home School healthy Defense Association, there are already 40 states that adopted the home school regulations. It is also stated in their web site that Forty-one states do not require home school parents to meet any specific teacher qualifications. The eight states which require only a high school sheepskin or a GED are GA, NC, NM, OH, PA, SC, TN, and WV. DC also requires either a high school diploma or GED. (In TN, there is no qualification requirement for grades K-8 if home school is associated with a church-related school).The remaining state has the following qualification requirements ND requires only a high school diploma or GED, provided that the parent is monitored by a certified teacher for two years. There are three states who qualify home school teachers to be fitting such as CA, KS, and NY. Having less than GED are considered to be competent in those three states. (Home School Legal Defense Association) References Bansham, P. , Merrifield, J. , Hepburn, C. R. (2007). Home Schooling From the Extreme to the Mainstream. Studies in Education Policy. The Fraser Institute.Retrieved from http//www. netzwerk-bild ungsfreiheit. de/pdf/From_the_extreme_to_the_mainstream. pdf Bauman, K. J. (2002). Home schooling in the United States Trends and Characteristics. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 10(26). Retrieved from http//epaa. asu. edu/epaa/v10n26. html. Belfield, Clive R. and Henry M. Levin (2005). Privatizing Education Choice Consequences for Parents, Schools and normal Policy. Boulder, C. O. Paradigm Publishers. McDowell, Susan A. and Brian D. Ray (2000). The Home Education Movement in Context, Practice, and Theory. Peabody diary of Education, 75(11), 1-7 Ray, B. D. (2000). Home schooling The ameliorator of negative influences on learning? Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1 & 2), 71-106. Ray, B. D. , & Eagleson, B. K. (2008, August 14). State regulation of homeschooling and homeschoolers SAT scores. Journal of Academic Leadership, 6(3). Retrieved from http//www. academicleadership. org/emprical_research/State_Regulation_of_Homeschooling_and_Homeschoolers_SAT_Scores. shtml Bibliog raphy Home School Legal Defense Association. (2009). Home Schooling in the United States A Legal Analysis.Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Home School Legal Defense Association http//www. hslda. org/laws/analysis/Michigan. pdf Council of American Survey Research Organizations. (2009). CASRO Code of Standards and moral philosophy for Survey Research. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Council of American Survey Research Organizations http//www. casro. org/codeofstandards. cfm Home School Legal Defense Association. (n. d. ). Summary of Home School Laws in the Fifty States. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from Home School Legal Defense Association http//www. hslda. org/laws/Summary_of_Laws.pdf Johnson, T. (n. d. ). Ethical Issues in the lot of Survey Research. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs http//www. srl. uic. edu/seminars/ethicsint. htm Russell, L. (2008, June 12). Washington Homeschool Law. Retrieved April 29, 2010, from retinue 101 http//homescho ol-regulations. suite101. com/article. cfm/washington_homeschool_law Watson, T. (1996). Survey and Interview Ethics for Data Gatherers and Respondents. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from Independent parentage Analysis http//www. ijoa. org/imta96/paper64. html

How to Live a Greener Lifestyle Essay

More people have paid attention to sustainable environment. This essay will introduce how to live a greener life which peck be applied by each person living on earth. The behavior of greener lifestyle includes food, clothing, living and transports. These 4 parts also regarded as 4 basic need of human. First, food and clothes make a great difference for both saving source and reducing waste. forage can be divided into 2 parts vegetable and meat, at once meat is produced, at the same time, animals have spent air, land, and especi tout ensembley overmuch water, which means meat uses more(prenominal) resources than vegetable, so person should limit the frequence of eating meat. As for apparel, modern media always spread what invent is, however, what does fashion teach the human beings? Fashion tells people to stay fresh, which elevate consumers to buy more clothes than they need. In order to follow fashion, trendsetter and the consumer could neer stop shopping each year and each season.Almost everything in fashion is cyclical, a dress which has been owned would become out in a short time. A greener lifestyle bans buying clothes if you do non need. Second, the choice of where you are living is a factor to greener lifestyle. commonwealth who are looking forward to bigger house are not living a green life. Because the bigger living space is, the more resources must be used to adjust the temperature. The habit of using modify equipment or air-condition is common in daily life, living in a small space can both save silver and energy.The last part that a greener lifestyle asks for is transport. Citizens should decrease using mystic car, what a greener life is taking public transport such as subway, bus or train as much as possible, in this way, each private car owner would save his part which spends oil and release toxic gas. After following these step above, people all around the earth would live a greener lifestyle. Eating more vegetables, buying clothes sanely, not pursuing bigger house and taking public transport are easy to perform.

B.tech Essay

Unemployment means lack of work for those persons who atomic number 18 willing to work. There are two categories of unemployed persons-uneducated persons and educated persons. Unemployment among the educated people is change magnitude. Besides, unemployment, there is low employment also. Under employment means insufficient employment. For example, a granger is under employed because he does not have work for the social unit year. Unemployment is matchless of the major occupations of the Indian economy. We know India is an underdeveloped economy and and then the nature of unemployment here differs from the one that prevails in a developed economy.In India there is chronic under-employment or disguised unemployment in the rural firmament and unemployment among the educated classes in the urban areas. The main cause of unemployment among the educated mountain is the slow rate growth of the economy in relation to profit in the number of educated persons. Several factors are res ponsible for the problem of unemployment. Our defective system of education which lays too much emphasis on literary training is perhaps the main cause of unemployment. Our governments faculty planning is also responsible of this problem to a coarse extent. It fails to create suitable job opportunities for all. Population explosion is a liberal reason to bring this problem into existence. Population of our country is increasing at fast rate but job opportunities are not increasing accordingly. Engineering and Medical profession have a great love for many. But even those professions do not present a very(prenominal) bright picture. First of all it is very difficult to get entree in a Medical or an Engineering College. The education in professional colleges is so expensive that only the rich can ease up it. Thus young men and women are facing very touchwood time. Sometimes it has been seen that they adopt a career for which they possess neither the aptitude nor the attitude. This is the root cause of many young mens distress in life.It is therefore necessary to provide young men and women with educational as well as vocational guidance. This will help them choose a profession in accordance with their capability and aptitude. Our government has taken several important measures to solve this growing problem. With a view to outgrowth employment government has made sincere efforts to adopt and encourage trade union movement intensive investment and production programmes. In this connection attention was gainful on agriculture, agro-based industries, and cottage industries. Since 1976 a weekly Journal-Employment News is universe published both in English and Hindi. Education is also creation planned in such a way that educated youths should be free from employment problem. Vocational education with the needs and requirements of the country is organism arranged. A new education policy, 1986 has been launched. With the primary objective of generati ng additional employment, particularly in backward regions and weaker sections, a number of employment programmes have been started by the Govt, of India.These are IROP, The Desert Development Programme, tne National arcadian Employment Programme, The arcadian Landless Employment Guarantee Programme, the National Scheme of Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment increase in employment has been one of the major objectives in all Five-year Plans of India. Technical and Vocational education is being given in schools. Family planning is encouraged among the young men and women to ascendency population. Different technical and professional colleges are being established in every state. This is a good sign that government is trying its ruff to uproot this problem.

Developing Promotional Strategies for Horticultural Products Essay

INTRODUCTION.The horticulture sub-sector of agriculture in Kenya has grown in the eventually decade to become a major foreign exchange earner, employer and subscriber to pabulum postulate in the country. Currently the horticulture industry is the fastest outgrowth uncouth subsector in the country and is ranked third in foothold of foreign exchange earnings from exports after tourism and tea. Fruits, vegetable and running flower production are the main aspects of horticultural production in Kenya. In this write up, the horticultural products I forget focus on are coriander, courgettes, cabbage, kales, spinach, indigenous vegetables like terere and managu, ginger, garlic, tomatoes and onions. These products exit be directly sourced from my maturate in Kitengela.IDENTIFICATION OF THE INNATE ANS ACQUIRED NEEDSAccording to Boyd (2010) human being become motivated when a need is aro white plagued that they have a desire to satisfy. These needs can be physiological also know as innate e.g need for food, water, sex and cloths or they could be acquired needs which are learnt in response to an individuals culture or surroundings e.g need for affection, self esteem or prestige. The above mentioned horticultural products are food products that satisfy needs in the first take aim of Maslows hierarchy of needs i.e the physiological needs. Moreover, through the right publicity and promotional material of these products, the acquired needs will be satisfied.THE PROMOTIONAL STRATEGIES BASED ON THESE NEEDSOrganizations use promotion to communicate with customers about products they offer because promotion is one half of the communication process with customers. It works co-operatively with market query in an iterative feedback loop so that the constantly changing requirements of users are met by promotional activities that target or even anticipate these expressed needs. Promotion involves making sure that customers are aware of the products that the organizatio n makes for sale to them. The objective of my promotional strategy is to provide information about my products, augment demand for these products and to differentiate the product. I will design different publicize messages to be placed in certain magazines like healthy take magazines as soundly as Saturday Nation newspaper magazine and telly advertisment. Moreover, through the social media i.e twitter and face book I will advertise my products. These adverts will focus on the benefits that clients will get on consumption of my products.The advert will be designed in such a way that it brings out the different innate and acquired needs that will be met. People have to eat and eat good food that is well presented, I will therefore, do news program of mouth advertize and attend networking forums for horticultural products e.g the annual horticultural exhibitions says Wu (2012). As I display my products, I will ensure they are well packaged in clean, labeled packages so that as my purchase my products they are satisfied with the advancement thus meeting both their innate and acquired needs. According to Stern and Adel (1988), disputation is one of the most credible forms of advertising because people who dont stand to gain personally by promoting something put their reputations on the line every time they make a recommendation. In the utilization of articulate of mouth advertising, I will incorporate brand advocates in this word of mouth ad.I will use personal selling as well. This will be one to one communication with a authority buyer. In this case the potential buyers I will focus on for personal selling are the restaurants, schools, hospitals and hotels. I will therefore, employ the use of sales men and use experiential marketing in this case. I will hire a tele-marketing researcher who will make review up calls to clients who purchase my products to get their feedback on areas that I need to modify on as the researcher identifies their unspoke n needs as well as their spoken needs.REFERENCESBoyd, J.C (2010). Consumer Psychology. EnglandOpen University Press. Stern .L. W. & Adel I. E.(1988) Marketing Channels. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. learner Hall Inc.Wu, J. M ( 2012) Consumer Perception of quality for horticultural products and related agricultural practices. OntarioGuelph.

Pretty Woman Essay

Pretty Woman is a romantic comedy, which is based on the stories of Cinderella, the Prince and the Pauper and My blank lady. The film was produced in 1990 and directed by Garry Marshall. It is set in the Hollywood hills and the rough Hollywood Boulevard. Richard Gere and Julia Roberts play the two chief(prenominal) characters, Vivien Ward and Edward Lewis. Edward is a wealthy man who is respected and admired by others. Whereas Vivien is a take poorer.Her only way of earning money is by her job as a prostitute in Hollywood Boulevard. In the film the music is precise important. At the number one it is set at a company. It is Edwards party so it is in truth posh and classy. All throughout the party scenes in that respect is piano music being played in the background. This shows that Edward and his friends are very sophisticated. The music changes though when Edward is in his car driving through the Hollywood hills down into the Hollywood Boulevard.It turns into a more upbeat song its lyrics include Ill get over you, this is a signifier because it link up in with the fact that he has notwithstanding broken up with his girlfriend. When the panorama moves to Vivien in her bedroom the music changes again, it changes to a louder, heavier song called Wild women do which matches Viviens character as a prostitute living in the rough part of the Hollywood Boulevard where she lives life wildly.Just from this you quarter see a contrast between Vivien and Edward straightaway away. The costumes that the two main characters wear are very different. At the party at the beginning of the film, Edward and all of his friends are draining very posh expensive dress probably made by famous designers. The people are corrosion clothes that have quite a bright colour equivalent red or blue and most of them are just wearing one colour. They are also wearing lots of expensive jewelry like gold necklaces, bracelets, rings etc.Just by sounding at the people at the party you c an tell straight away that they have lots of money and can afford to steal expensive clothes and jewellery for parties. When you first see Edward he is upstair in his office away from the party. The walls in his office are just plain white with not a lot of decoration and he is wearing a plain grey suit which is quite procrastinating and lifeless this is a signifier that he is a businessman and that he doesnt like to wear bright colourful clothes and that he prefers to stay wearing neutral colours.